Let The Sun Shine

Songs About Sunshine & The Sun

Ev'rybody's Happy When The Sun Shines, so said composer W. R. Williams in his 1908 song. It's true, especially after a long cold, wet winter, when the sun shines it seems as though there is much more happiness around us. With the onset of spring and the warmth of the sun brings us flowers and green trees again (except for those of you in the tropics) the earth comes alive again. Spring is one of the most uplifting seasons of the year!

Sunshine, sunlight, sunrise and sunset have always played a prominent role in song. For the optimist, sunshine means happiness and joy. It also brings so much color to life. Most of us love a beautiful sunrise or sunset as an inspiration. Of course some don't like to see the sun rise as you'll see in one of our songs this month.

In this month's (May, 2005) feature we look at songs about the sun and sunshine. This subject may be one of the more prolific used by composers and songwriters. Of course when times are tough such as during wartime or depression, songs about the sun coming out abound as a way to give us hope. In other cases, sunlight songs just celebrate life and nature. We're continuing the change in the presentation window of the Scorch format songs this month. Rather than the short pages we've had in the past, I'm trying out a full page format. We've always used the shorter page in order to prevent you from having to scroll down as the music plays. Our primary interest was in having a setup where you can view one page at a time as the music plays without any other action needed by you. However, a recent spate of requests for a full page format (mostly for printing purposes) has caused me to try out that format this month. For our regular readers, we'd like to hear from you on which format you prefer. Let us know your opinion.

If you are new to us, to enjoy the full musical experience, we recommend that you get the Scorch plug in from our friends at Sibelius software. The Scorch player allows you to not only listen to the music but to view the sheet music as the music plays and see the lyrics as well. Each month we also allow printing of some of the sheet music featured so for those of you who play the piano (or other instruments) you'll be able to play the music yourself. It's a complete musical experience! Get the Sibelius Scorch player now.

Richard A. Reublin, May, 2005. This article published May, 2005 and is Copyright © 2005 by Richard A. Reublin and The Parlor Songs Association, Inc. Text, images or music may not be reproduced in part or in total without express written permission of the author or a company officer.

 

The World Is Waiting For The Sunrise. 1919 Music by: Ernest Seitz Words by: Eugene Lockhart Cover artist: Unattributed Of course the most symbolic metaphor for a new beginning is the sunrise and daily our spirits and faith are renewed by a glorious sunrise. When I lived in the Caribbean, I would get up before sunrise, get my coffee and sit on our porch to watch the sun rise over the British Virgin Islands. It was always a beautiful and anticipated start to my day. In 1919, the world had just emerged from the First World War and hope for a brighter future was at a peak. This song may well have been written by Seitz and Lockhart to symbolize that new beginning.   We first published this song six years ago on our site but with no commentary as a part of our early "gallery" pages. Now we bring it back in the Scorch format and newly minted MIDI to celebrate the coming of sunrise. The song is well known and has continued to be heard after nearly 100 years. It is musically undated; it has that timeless quality that makes for a lasting hit song. The music is simply grounded in good harmony and meter rather than some of the techniques that seem to come out of certain eras and date a song thus often keeping it in it's own age rather than moving through time. The composer used a number of complex piano techniques that make the work very musically interesting and somewhat difficult to play smoothly. The song became quite popular among jazz musicians over the years and was recorded by many of them including Duke Ellington The song enjoyed its greatest success in 1951 with a recording by Les Paul and Mary Ford. That recording placed the song in the annals of greatest hits.   Eugene Lockhart, the lyricist for The World Is Waiting For The Sunrise was best known not as a songwriter but as a playwright and actor on stage and screen. Lockhart was Born in London, Ontario/Canada July 18, 1891. He is immediately recognizable to fans of old movies as the kindly and cornered Judge who must decide if "Santa" is real from Miracle on 34th Street, but it's likely that the vast majority of people under 60 would recognize him. His biography mentions nothing of his songwriting and I believe the lyrics for this song were simply an outgrowth of his having written a play by the same name. Among his plays are; The Pierrot Players, Heigh-Ho, and The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise. During the 1920s and 1930s, he appeared in a number of Broadway productions, including Sun Up, The Little Father of the Wilderness, The Way of the World, Uncle Tom's Cabin, and Ah, Wilderness. Among the films he appeared in were; Algiers, Meet John Doe, The Sea Wolf and The Devil and Daniel Webster. Lockhart began a career in TV in 1955 but unfortunately, a heart attack took him in March of 1957 cutting his last acting activities off while he was still quite popular.   Hear this lasting hit. ( Printable using the Scorch plug-in) listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Early In The Morning Blues 1922 Words and Music by: Ray Brown and Ray Klages Cover artist: Unattributed Not everyone seems to enjoy the prospect of a new day dawning. This great "blues" tune provides us with that rather sour point of view. In it, we have someone who clearly is unhappy with their life and their job and gets the blues having to start another day and go to work. Despite the pessimistic tone, this song is a terrific combination of the blues style and novelty song humor.   Blues songs abounded in the twenties and were developed by African American composers most notably W. C. Handy. The style has a readily identifiable sound and is musically identifiable by the unique sound of a "blue note," usually a flattened seventh found in the fourth bar of a tonic phrase. For more about the Blues, see our article about the blues.   Ray Klages (1888 - 1947) Klages was an active songwriter during the 1920's and 30's. Educated at Baltimore City College, he first began songwriting in his 20's and as with many songwriters of the period, began in vaudeville. Klages served in the military in W.W.I and during his early musical career worked for various song publishing houses in New York. Klages also collaborated and wrote a few Broadway productions including the score for Sally in 1922. He collaborated with many of the best songwriters of the period. Some of his more important works were; Doin' The Raccoon; Just You, Just Me; Pardon Me Pretty Baby and Early In The Morning Blues. Enjoy this wonderful old blues song ( Printable using the Scorch plug-in) listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Ev'rybody's Happy When The Sun Shines 1908   Words and Music by: W. R. Williams Cover artist: Unattributed   Once the sunrise is over we reap the benefits of sunlight. I think the sentiment of the title is very true, in general there is much more positive energy on sunny days than cloudy ones. In fact, despite the bad press the sun gets over UV rays, there is substantial scientific evidence that sunlight plays an important role in mental as well as physical health. In at least one study researchers conclude that the incidence of cancer from sunlight is actually less than the effects of lower exposure due to reduced vitamin d production. That study (http://www.healthresearchforum.org.uk/sunlight.html) concludes that the incidence of cancer due to a vitamin D deficiency is actually greater than that from UV exposure. Go figure! More on this issue later.   In this more optimistic song (most of the songs about the sun & sunlight are positive in nature) we get a lecture of sorts as to being glum and how we should look for the positives. I believe that most of the songs written about the sun and it's positive effects had to be written by people with bright and optimistic personalities. Written in the key of C, the song is a very bright and joyful tune that is clearly designed to be uplifting, and it is. The cover art to the music conveys that same bright outlook making this a real "happy" song if ever one was heard. The happy chappie on the cover is a performer of the period, Will J. Dickey. Ok, now it's time for a group hug.   I've been unable to find anything about the composer of this song although the cover lists a number of songs written by him including, Napanee; When The Moon Plays Peek-A-Boo; Since You Called Me Dearie and Wish Me Good Luck On My Journey. Listen to and see this 1908 song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Some Sunny Day 1922 Words and Music by: Irving Berlin Cover artist: "R.S."   Aside from the production of natural vitamin D, there are many other benefits that have been identified with sunlight (in moderation) Some of them are surprising and no doubt controversial among members of the medical profession. Included in various lists are; decrease in your resting heart rate; a decrease in your respiratory rate; a decrease in lactic acid; an increase in cellular oxygen uptake; an increase in muscle strength; a decrease in blood pressure; lower blood sugar; increased tolerance to stress; decrease cyclic AMP; reduced cholesterol; decrease triglycerides; decrease cancer formation; increase oxygen in the body and stimulate cells in the immune system (lymphocytes, phagocytes). In addition, sunlight exposure is often prescribed for certain skin ailments such as psoriasis. No wonder we feel good when the sun shines! All that said, in today's litigious society, I feel compelled to say that the above list does not represent proven scientific fact nor does it represent our recommendation that you expose yourself to UV rays as a cure for any ailments. Exposure to UV rays is at your own risk and you should consult a qualified health care professional before starting a regimen of UV exposure either to natural sunlight or artificial UV lamps (tanning beds). Isn't it a sad commentary on our times that such statements are necessary?   That said, darned if I have room now for much to say about this song. It's a grand example of America's greatest songwriter's work. A happy tune about returning home on a sunny day. Musically it is absolutely fab-u-lous! With lots of great chromatics and some terrific motifs, you cannot help but be happy listening to this song. It's a real toe-tapper.   Irving Berlin. It is almost impossible to provide a meaningful biographical sketch of Berlin in only a few words, he is perhaps the most celebrated and successful composer of American song from the Tin Pan Alley era. Way back in November of 1998 we did a feature on Berlin's music, which we updated early in 2003. In addition, we have added a more extensive biography of Berlin for those who want to know more about him. . Hear this 1922 Berlin song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Sunlight On The Waterfall 1907 Music by: Chris Smith Cover artist: Unattributed Sometimes we don't need words to describe something, the music itself can say enough. One of the wonderful things about music is its basis for universal communication of feelings and emotions. By simple changes in Key, tempo, melody and performance, music can convey sadness, happiness, melancholy, anger and peacefulness to any listener, no matter what their native spoken language. It is an amazing quality that in my opinion is unmatched by any other aural experience.   However, the ability to catch and convey an emotion or feeling through music without lyrics is where the genius lies in composition. Anyone can write a melody but how does one capture feelings, visions, emotions? This month we'll present two such works that convey the feelings and visions generated by sunlight. This one, a morceau (morsel) that is meant to describe the effects of sunlight on water does a pretty effective job. Though quite simple (I suspect it is an elementary piece written for the less advanced student. Spaulding was well known for his teaching pieces.) conveys a number of feelings to me that can be descriptive of sunlight on the water. The opening passage sparkles with a lightness that evoke visions of the interplay of sunbeams across rippling waters. The second motif seems to focus on the waterfall a sort of torrential and rushing section that describes the sound and turmoil of the water. We then return to the lightness of sunlight on the water. Listen and see for yourself what feeling you get from it.   George L. Spaulding was born December 26, 1864, at Newburgh, New York. He studied piano with local teachers. When he was sixteen he moved to Brooklyn, where he studied harmony for a short time with an organist of that city. Since that time he has been entirely self-taught. For many years he was in the music publishing and selling business, first as a music clerk, and then in partnership with others. His first adventures in musical composition were in the form of popular songs. Among these were the Volunteer Organist, Two Little Girls in Blue and others which had very large sales at the time. It was discovered, however, that he had a splendid talent for writing simple pianoforte pieces with well defined melodies and effective harmony. These he turned out in great number, among his most popular being: Sing, Robin, Sing - Pretty Little Song Bird, Airy Fairies, Child's Good Night, Dollie's Dream, June Roses, Just a Bunch of Flowers, Mountain Pink. His Tunes and Rhymes for the Playroom, Souvenirs of the Masters, Well Known Fables Set to Music are among the most widely used collections of easy pianoforte pieces in book form. Two little operettas for children, A Day in Flowerdom and The Isle of Jewels have placed Mr. Spaulding in the front rank among writers of juvenile entertainment material. His wife, Jessica Moore, a talented poetess, wrote many of his verses. Mr. Spaulding's works have served an important purpose in juvenile education. Fortunately they were of a nature and of a quantity which will make this felt for many years to come. His elementary technical books have also made an interesting place for themselves. (Biography courtesy of Wikepedia, the free encyclopedia taken from an Etude magazine article. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this article under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Content on Wikipedia is covered by disclaimers.)   Enjoy this sparkling piano solo (Printable using the Scorch plug-in) Listen to MIDI version There are no Lyrics for this work.

She Is The Sunshine Of Virginia 1916 Music by: Harry Carroll Words by: Ballard MacDonald Cover artist: E. H. Pfeiffer   Though true sunshine is wonderful, so too are some people. Those who exude happiness, beauty, charm and Samaritan characteristics are often described as having a sunny disposition. Also, those we love are often spoken of as "the sunshine of my life" or similar descriptions. In fact, my wife could be described that way and she regularly sings You Are My Sunshine to me when she's happy with me. When she's not, no song. Songs about people like that (sunny) abound and we've even featured a few of them on our site over the years. This month we have three such songs to share with you.   This piece, by one of the best songwriting teams of the era offers a very melodic and beautiful example of the music of the 19 teens. Not quite as dated as some, the charm of the period still comes through very nicely. It's a great adoration song describing a gal back in Virginia who brings happiness and joy to all. This is just one to sit back and enjoy over and over.   Harry Carroll was born born Nov. 28, 1892, Atlantic City, New Jersey and died 1962, Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania. Self taught, Harry was playing piano in movie houses even while he was still in grade school. He graduated high school and went to New York City, where, during the day, he found work as an arranger in Tin Pan Alley, and, during the night, playing in the Garden Cafe on 7th Avenue and 50th Street. In 1912, the Schuberts hired him to supply songs for some of their shows. He collaborated with Arthur Fields on his first hit On the Mississippi, with lyrics by Ballard MacDonald (for the show The Whirl of Society). Among Carroll and MacDonald's best known compositions, are 1913's There's a Girl in the Heart of Maryland (midi), and The Trail of the Lonesome Pine (midi), and It Takes a Little Rain With the Sunshine to Make the World Go Round. In 1914, he wrote By the Beautiful Sea, with lyric by Harold Atteridge. In 1918, Carroll produced his own Broadway musical Oh, Look!, and the classic I'm Always Chasing Rainbows, was written with the lyric by Joseph McCarthy. Harry married Anna Wheaton, and the two starred in vaudeville for many years. After the decline of vaudeville, Harry was a 'single' act in various cafes, where he sang his own songs. From 1914 through 1917, Harry was the director of ASCAP. Carroll is a Songwriters' Hall of Fame member.   Listen to this "sunshine" song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

The Sunshine Of Paradise Alley 1895 Music by: John W. Bratton Words by: Walter H. Ford Cover artist: Unattributed   Here we encounter one of those souls who come to us as an angel of mercy and who overcomes the worst conditions to still be a positive force in other people's lives. Written in 1895, at the height of the "tearjerker" fad, I can't really quite decide if the song is a tearjerker or not. The song carries three verses that if sung in their entirety add a tearjerker flavor to the song. The second verse is noted as optional and if omitted, eliminates much of the pathos and the song then becomes a bit more like a "sunny" song rather than one with a sad story.   The song focuses on a young lady living in squalid conditions who manages to always bring light to other and who is called the "sunshine of Paradise Alley." As an aside, isn't it interesting that some of the worst places on earth have names that belie their true nature? The second verse, which can be omitted shows her bravery in helping a sick waif from sure death by nursing him to health when no others dared. Of course she is much sought after as a mate and in the final verse we see hope for a happy union. Musically the song is typical of the period, a nice waltz song that has that 1890's sound and tempo. It's a good song, not remarkable but quite pleasant.   John W. Bratton, Born in Wilmington, Delaware in 1867, Bratton enjoyed substantial popularity in the 1890's. . Bratton was educated in Wilmington and at the Philadelphia College of Music. Early on, he was a stage performer in both plays and as a singer. His primary musical activity was as a composer and writer of Broadway shows in the early 20th century. Many of his published songs had little circulation and popularity beyond the context of his shows. Some of his most notable shows were, Hodge Podge and Company (1900), The Liberty Belles (1901), The School Girl (1904), Buster Brown (1908) and The Newlyweds and Their Baby (1909).   Among his most popular songs were, I Love You In The Same Old Way, Darling Sue with lyricist Walter H. Ford in 1896, My Sunbeam From The South, In A Garden Of Faded Flowers, I Talked To God Last Night, In A Pagoda and The Teddy Bear's Picnic. Unfortunately, none of his songs have passed into the present as lasting hits. Bratton died in 1947 in Brooklyn, NY.   Listen to this great 1895 song ( Printable using the Scorch plug-in) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Sunshine 1918 Words and Music by: George L. Cobb Cover artist: Starmer   Our final song in the trifecta of sunny people is this song with a terrific cover by Starmer. If ever a cover conveyed the same lightness and sunny disposition as the music within, this one does. Surely this cover was painted from a real life person who exuded sunshine. The simple title tells it all, this girl is pure sunshine and you're going to like her no matter what!   The song itself does not address a specific person but rather the fact that there is a lot of sadness in the world and that we should try to overcome it by spreading all the sunshine we can. The song was written at the height of America's involvement in the first world war and of course there was a heavy burden of sadness and gloom over America and the rest of the world. Cobb surely wrote this song to express his feelings that we all needed to try to put as much of a positive spin on things as we possibly could.   George Linus Cobb ( b. Mexico, New York on August 31, 1886, d. Brookline, Mass. December 25, 1942) was best known for his Ragtime works such as Russian Rag (Midi) featured in our Ragtime Edition in June, 1999. Educated at Syracuse University, he won a composition contest in Buffalo with the song Buffalo Means Business. He started out writing mostly Rags then moved to NYC and started writing songs in Tin Pan Alley. He went to work for Boston publisher Walter Jacobs and later became editor for Jacob's music magazine The Tuneful Yankee, later changed to Melody. and wrote a monthly column giving advice to would be songwriters. His first published Rag was Rubber Plant Rag, in 1909. That was followed by Canned Corn Rag in 1910 and Bunny Hug Rag in 1913. That same year he collaborated with the great Jack Yellen and wrote the hit song All Aboard For Dixieland. Cobb seemed to find a "zone" with the Dixie songs and wrote several other big hits with Dixie themes including the million seller, Alabama Jubilee in 1913 and a later hit Are You From Dixie? in 1915. The afore mentioned Russian Rag was written in 1918 and it too sold over a million copies and became a perennial vaudeville virtuoso favorite for many years. The song was such a hit that the publisher asked Cobb to write another Rag using the same Rachmaninoff prelude as a basis. Cobb then penned The New Russian Rag. Both Russian Rags are considered masterpieces and are still favorites of skilled pianists the world around.   Listen to this great old song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

All I Have Are Sunny Weather Friends 1920 Words and Music by: James Kendis & James Brockman Cover artist: Frederick Manning   Here's a musical look at another aspect of people's behavior, though not as positive as most of the songs this month. A sunny weather friend is one who stays with you only when times are good or worse yet, as long as you have something they want. As soon as times get tough or you have nothing to offer them, their friendship turns out to be a sham and off they go to find someone else to attach themselves to like a leech.   Kendis & Brockman are most famous for their greatest lasting hit, I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles and that song surely is one with a sunny disposition. Here they've taken a different route and tell the story of a lonesome man who finds that once his wealth is gone, so too are his friends. In what may be one of the most profound lines in a song, the second verse lyrics conclude with; "You've a million friends when you have one, But when you've a million you have none. " Think about that. Despite some of the pessimism in the lyrics, the song makes for a nice melodic ballad. The chorus is especially nice and a little brighter than you might expect given the overall story.   James Brockman (1886 - 1967) studied music at the Cleveland conservatory and early in his career was a comedian in stage musicals. His most lasting hit, I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles (MIDI) was introduced by June Caprice in the Passing Show of 1918. Among his other hits were, Down Among The Sheltering Palms, Feather Your Nest (Scorch Format) and the great novelty song, I Faw Down An' Go Boom. Brockman had a long and successful career, turning to film scores later in his life. His partner, James Kendis (b. 1883, St. Paul, MN, d. 1946, Jamaica, NY) had some of his greatest success in his collaborations with Brockman. Kendis formed his own publishing company, Kendis Music Company. Some of his other hits not collaborated with Brockman include, If I Had My Way, Angel Eyes, and Come Out Of The Kitchen, Mary Ann.   Listen to this wonderful old song Printable using the Scorch plug-in Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

My Hawaiian Sunshine 1916 Words and Music by: L. Wolfe Gilbert and Carey Morgan Cover artist: Starmer   What grouping of songs about sunlight would be complete without some Hawaiian sunshine? During the early 20th century, Americans discovered the charms of Hawaii and Hawaiian songs were all the rage, there were literally hundreds, perhaps even thousands of songs published about Hawaii. Almost all were sunny and happy in their disposition. After all, for many people Hawaii is the epitome of tropical paradise. Though some of us find that the Caribbean has much more to offer in terms of variety and unspoiled tropical beauty, it's a fact that Hawaii is top of mind when it comes to a tropical vacation.   Graced with a stereotypical (but excellent) Hawaiian art cover by Starmer, the song written is by two of Tin Pan Alley's greatest songwriters. The cover photo is of Gus Van and Joe Schenck who according to the cover, introduced the song. The music is pretty typical of the Hawaiian songs of the period. With a "hula" swing to it and a sound that is meant to imitate the sound of a Hawaiian ukulele it is a pleasant work but very similar to the many other Hawaiian songs of the period. It is especially very similar to another song by the same writers, My Own Iona (MIDI)which we featured in one of our articles about the Hawaiian influence on Tin Pan Alley's music.   Louis Wolfe Gilbert (1886 - 1970) was born in Odessa, Russia and brought to America when he was only one year old. He was a vaudeville actor and toured with the great John L. Sullivan. During the heyday of radio, he wrote for Eddie Cantor's radio show. Aside from Muir, he also collaborated with Abel Baer (Lucky Lindy, 1927) and other famous lyricists of the period. Some of his other hits include, Ramona 1927; O, Katharina 1924 , Don't Wake Me Up 1925; and Hitchy Koo from 1912. His longest running and most successful collaboration was with fellow Russian emigrant Anatole Friedland with whom he wrote a number of hits including, My Little Dream Girl, (Sibelius Scorch format) 1915; My Sweet Adair 1915; Are You From Heaven 1917; My Own Iona (Moi-One-Ionae) 1916 (MIDI); Shades In The Night 1916; Singapore 1918; and Lily of the Valley, A "Nut" Song, 1917   Listen to this great old "Hawaiian Sun" song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

Sunset Glow 1916 Music by: F. W. Vandersloot Cover artist: E. H. Pfeiffer   As with all good things, even a sunny day must eventually end. But for me, the joy and beauty of a sunset is equal to that of a glorious sunrise. There is a great deal of peace and calm associated with sunset. Not only does it provide for an inspiring end to the day but the sunset also gives us the promise of the next day's sunrise. Just as I would sit on my porch and watch the Caribbean sunrise, my wife and I would often sit and enjoy the beauty of a gorgeous sunset as a beautiful and soothing end to a difficult day.   This piece is the second of our songs without words that through the piano gives us a musical vision of sunset. A more complex piece than Sunlight on the Waterfall, it is somewhat less effective of conveying the specific images implied by the title. A set of waltz songs, it is quite beautiful and engaging. The opening motif makes for a pleasant introduction and leads to a short set of three (actually four distinct melodies) waltzes. I think this piece as beautiful as it is was a melody searching for a title and somewhat less a thematic work that defines a vision of a sunset. Nonetheless, it makes for a symbolic close to the daytime cycle of the sun.   Though Vandersloot operated one of the most prolific music publishing houses during the Tin Pan Alley era and wrote several songs, it seems that few have bothered to document his life. Though there are many songwriters lost to time, I find it rather astonishing that given his contribution to American popular music, so little (only his songwriting and publishing credits) is available about him as a person and his life.   Listen to this great old song Printable using the Scorch plug-in Listen to MIDI version This work has no lyrics

At The End Of A Beautiful Day 1916 Words and Music by: William H. Perrins Cover artist: Starmer   Once the sun has set, we have nothing left but to muse over the day and savor the successes and joys of the day or mull over the unfortunate events we faced that day. As such, I offer this obscure but lovely musical view of the end of a beautiful, hopefully sunny day. The song has a wonderful and uplifting message to those who seek happiness through things or unimportant activities and points the way to the acts of human kindness and generosity which can bring true happiness beyond material gains. I think the song is well worth listening and consideration of the truths that Perrins has stated.   The song is a very nice melody and all I can say is let it speak to you and may you enjoy the end of a beautiful day today and every day of your life. Thanks for coming to visit us at ParlorSongs.   Listen to this great old song (Scorch format) Listen to MIDI version Lyrics

This article published May, 2005 and is Copyright © 2005 by Richard A. Reublin and The Parlor Songs Academy Text, images or music may not be reproduced in part or in total without express written permission of the author. Though the songs published on this site are often in the Public Domain, MIDI renditions are protected by copyright as recorded performances. Thanks for visiting us and be sure to come back again next month to see our new feature or to read some or all of our over 120 articles about America's music. See our resources page for a complete bibliography of our own library resources used to research this and other articles in our series.   If you'd like to contribute an article to us at ParlorSongs, we'd love to have your help and contribution. The "rules" for submissions can be found here, we'd love to have submissions by any of our readers, anytime and would enjoy having a "reader submission" or "favorites" feature from time to time. Heck, get involved, help us out and write a feature for us!

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